Before studying a flow net, the following terms need be clearly understood.
- Flow line - the line followed by percolating water through a saturated soil mass under laminar flow conditions, is called flow line .
- Equipotential line - the line joining the points of equal hydraulic potentials , is called an equipotential line.
- Flow net - the flow net work formed by a system of flow lines and equipotential lines . Is called flow net . A flow net is a pictorial representation of the pattern of flow and the dissipation of hydraulic head causing the flow in soil.
- Flow channel - The portion of a flow net bounded by two adjacent flow lines, is called flow channel.
- Field - The section of a flow channel located between two adjacent equipotential lines, is called a field
FUNDAMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A FLOW NET
- Flow lines and equipotential lines in a flow net intersect at right angles
- All fields formed by equipotential lines and flow lines are approximate squares.
- Same quantity of flow occurs through each flow channel
- Same potential drop occurs between any two successive equipotential lines
- The smaller the dimension of a field , greater is the hydraulic gradient and also velocity of flow .
- In homogeneous soils, the shape of curves is either clliptical or parabolic.
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